Personality traits to cultivate (or avoid) at work
Table of contents
- Definition of a personality trait
- The different theories of personality traits
- The advantages of the Big Five theory
- Do personality traits influence success?
- Predictive value of personality traits
- Mechanisms influencing traits
- Predicting performance across sectors
- Limits and nuances
- Personality traits to develop for success
- Personality traits to avoid or moderate at work
- How can recruiters use traits to recruit?
Personality traits play a crucial role in the world of work. They influence not only how individuals perform their tasks, but also how they interact with colleagues, adapt to change and solve problems. Beyond technical skills, personality traits and therefore attitudes and behaviours also contribute to professional success.
However, not all personality traits are equal in the workplace. Some promote performance and facilitate integration within a team, while others can create obstacles and limit individual or collective growth. Knowing these differences can help individuals to find their bearings in their personal development, as well as enabling HR professionals to recruit more effectively. In this article, we will explore the personality traits that promote success at work, those that are potentially harmful, and the best practices for cultivating or moderating them.
Adopting a proactive approach to personal development is not only a way of improving performance, but also of better navigating the constantly changing world of work. For recruiters and human resources professionals, understanding these traits becomes an asset in selecting the right candidates and supporting them along the way.
Definition of a personality trait
To approach the theories of personality traits, it is useful to understand what is meant by "trait".
A personality trait refers to a consistent pattern of behaviour and thought that manifests itself repeatedly in different situations throughout life.
Unlike one-off actions, these characteristics are stable and have a lasting influence on the way a person interacts with their environment.
Trait theories in psychology seek to explain the diversity of human personalities by identifying universal dimensions that everyone possesses to varying degrees. According to these theories, although each individual has a unique set of traits, certain basic characteristics are present, but at different levels in each person. These theories provide a better understanding and description of the fundamental aspects of the human personality.
For example, two people with very distinct personalities may share certain common traits, such as extraversion or friendliness, even if the intensity of these traits varies from one individual to another. These differences allow us to appreciate the unique combinations of traits that shape who we are and how we behave.
The different theories of personality traits
Personality trait theories seek to explain individual differences in terms of enduring and measurable psychological characteristics.
There are many different types, such as :
- Gordon Allport's theory of personality traits
- Raymond Cattell's theory of personality traits
- The theory of the Big Five personality traits
The Big Five model is particularly influential. It groups personality around five main dimensions:
-
01.
Openness
This is the tendency to be curious, creative and open to new things, in contrast to more conformist or pragmatic traits.
-
02.
Professional awareness
It assesses a person's ability to be organised, disciplined and methodical, in contrast to traits such as impulsivity and carelessness.
-
03.
Extraversion
This dimension assesses a person's degree of sociability and enthusiasm, contrasting reserved behaviour with more open and dynamic interactions.
-
04.
Agreeability
This dimension measures the propensity for cooperation, benevolence and trust, as opposed to more distrustful or competitive attitudes.
-
05.
Neuroticism
This factor examines emotional stability, contrasting characteristics such as anxiety and instability with a calm and confident disposition.
Those traits...
are assessed using standardised scales which, although subject to certain biases (such as social desirability), enable individuals to be compared on a common basis.
The Big Five model is recognised as a world reference for understanding fundamental personality traits. It forms a solid theoretical basis used to develop psychometric tools for assessing these dimensions across different contexts and cultures.
The advantages of the Big Five theory
The theory of personality traits, in particular the Big Five model, has a number of significant advantages which have been highlighted by scientific research:
1- Trait stability
A longitudinal study published in the journal Psychological Science by Soto and John (2012) confirms the remarkable stability of personality traits. Their research shows that although certain traits may change slightly, particularly before the age of 30, they become relatively stable in adulthood. A meta-analysis by Roberts et al (2006) reveals that the most significant changes generally occur between the ages of 20 and 30, with a gradual stabilisation after this age.
2- Genetic heritability
The work of Tellegen et al (1988), published in Behavior Genetics, demonstrated that Big Five personality traits have an estimated heritability of between 40% and 60%. This finding is particularly important because it has been confirmed in cross-cultural studies, suggesting that these traits have a substantial genetic basis that transcends cultural differences.
3- Predictive power
The Big Five model has proved remarkably effective in predicting various behaviours and performances. A study by Barrick and Mount (1991) in Personnel Psychology showed that conscientiousness is a significant predictor of job performance in almost all occupational areas. Similarly, Judge et al (1999) highlighted the link between personality traits and professional success.
4- Measurement tools
These theories have given rise to standardised measurement instruments such as professional personality tests, which are used worldwide for psychological research, recruitment and personal development.
Do personality traits influence success?
Predictive value of personality traits
A monumental study by Timothy A. Judge and his colleagues, published in the Psychological Bulletin in 2002, entitled "Personality and Career Success: A Meta-Analytic Test of the Five-Factor Model of Personality", offers revealing insights into the predictive value of personality traits.
The researchers carried out a meta-analysis of 91 studies, covering more than 23,000 participants, showing that :
-
01.
Professional conscience...
is the trait most predictive of career success, explaining approximately :
- 15% of variance in work performance
- 12% of changes in revenue
- 10% of job satisfaction levels
-
02.
Extroversion...
is also important, predicting :
- Better leadership skills
- Better performance in roles involving social interaction
- Greater likelihood of career progression
-
03.
Emotional stability...
contributes significantly to :
- Better management of work-related stress
- More efficient decision-making
- Greater resilience in the face of organisational challenges
Mechanisms influencing traits
Personality traits influence career success through a number of mechanisms:
Behavioural adaptation
People with favourable traits naturally develop more effective professional behaviours. For example, a conscientious individual :
- Meticulously plans its projects
- Systematically meets deadlines
- Maintains a constant level of quality
Emotional regulation
Traits influence the ability to manage emotions at work. A study by Côté and Miners (2006) in the Journal of Applied Psychology shows that emotional intelligence, which is closely linked to personality traits, predicts:
- Better conflict management
- More effective communication
- Improved team collaboration
Learning and development
Openness to experience, for example, encourages:
- Intellectual curiosity
- A fast learning curve
- Adaptability to new technologies and methods
Predicting performance across sectors
A study by Seibert and Kraimer (2001) demonstrated that the predictive value of personality traits varies across sectors:
-
Sales and Marketing: Extraversion and conscientiousness are strong predictors of performance.
-
Research and Development: Openness to experience emerges as the most predictive trait.
-
Management and Leadership: A balanced combination of extraversion, emotional stability, and conscientiousness is optimal.
Limits and nuances
It is crucial to note that, despite their strong predictive value, personality traits :
- Not absolute determinants
- Interact with other factors such as environment and training
- Can be partially developed or moderated
Personality traits offer a statistically significant window into professional potential, but are no substitute for ongoing personal development, motivation and specific expertise.
Personality traits to develop for success
-
01.
Professional awareness
Research by Barrick and Mount (1991) indicates that this trait is the most consistent predictor of job performance. It is characterised by :
- The organisation
- Reliability
- Perseverance
- Attention to detail
-
02.
Openness experience
In a constantly changing professional world, this trait becomes crucial. It promotes :
- Innovation
- Adaptability
- Creativity
- Continuous learning
Personality traits to avoid or moderate at work
-
01.
High neuroticism
High levels of anxiety and emotional instability can affect :
- Decision-making
- Stress management
- Teamwork
-
02.
Closed-mindedness and rigidity
A lack of openness can lead to:
-
Resistance to change
-
Limited learning ability
-
Reduced capacity for innovation
-
How can recruiters use traits to recruit?
Several studies (and our own), including that by Ones and Viswesvaran (1996), recommend a nuanced approach:
- Using standardised personality tests
- Combining trait assessment with other assessment methods
- Considering traits in relation to the specific job and company culture
- Take development potential into account (cognitive test).
Human personality is not a binary code it’s a complex and evolving ecosystem.
While personality traits provide a map, AI now offers an even more sophisticated compass to help us understand professional behavior.
Artificial intelligence is reshaping how we understand personality traits:
-
Sharper insights: Through advanced algorithms, AI can detect subtle behavioral patterns that traditional assessments may overlook.
-
Tailored recommendations: AI delivers personalized guidance to support individual development, taking into account the unique nuances of each profile.
Remember, your personality is not a cage, but a playground. Each trait can be:
-
Understood
-
Mindfully developed
-
Intelligently optimized
The goal is not to have the “perfect personality”, but to understand your strengths and proactively work on areas for improvement.
Your personality is power, discover it today!
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